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The evaluation of processes that protect the environment alongside resource and energy consumption to most favourable to least favourable actions.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=EU Waste Policies and Challenges for Local and Regional AUthorities )〕 The hierarchy establishes preferred program priorities based on sustainability.〔 To be sustainable, waste management cannot be solved only with technical end-of-pipe solutions and an integrated approach is necessary.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Non-Hazardous Waste Management Hierarchy )〕 The waste management hierarchy indicates an order of preference for action to reduce and manage waste, and is usually presented diagrammatically in the form of a pyramid.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Guidelines for National Waste Management Strategies Moving from Challenges to Opportunities )〕 The hierarchy captures the progression of a material or product through successive stages of waste management, and represents the latter part of the life-cycle for each product.〔 The aim of the waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum practical benefits from products and to generate the minimum amount of waste. The proper application of the waste hierarchy can have several benefits. It can help prevent emissions of greenhouse gases, reduces pollutants, save energy, conserves resources, create jobs and stimulate the development of green technologies.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Waste Hierarchy )〕 == Life-cycle thinking== All products and services have environmental impacts, from the extraction of raw materials for production to manufacture, distribution, use and disposal. Following the waste hierarchy will generally lead to the most resource-efficient and environmentally sound choice but in some cases refining decisions within the hierarchy or departing from it can lead to better environmental outcomes.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Life Cycle Thinking and Assessment for Waste Management )〕 Life cycle thinking and assessment can be used to support decision-making in the area of waste management and to identify the best environmental options. It can help policy makers understand the benefits and trade-offs they have to face when making decisions on waste management strategies. Life-cycle assessment provides a scientifically sound approach to ensure that the best outcome for the environment can be identified and put in place.〔 It involves looking at all stages of a product’s life to find where improvements can be made to reduce environmental impacts and improve the use or reuse of resources.〔 A key goal is to avoid actions that shift negative impacts from one stage to another. Life cycle thinking can be applied to the five stages of the waste management hierarchy. For example, life-cycle analysis has shown, that it is often better for the environment to replace an old washing machine, despite the waste generated, than to continue to use an older machine which is less energy efficient. This is because a washing machine’s greatest environmental impact is during its use phase. Buying an energy-efficient machine and using low- temperature detergent reduce environmental impacts.〔 The European Union Waste Framework Directive has introduced the concept of life-cycle thinking into waste policies.〔 This duality approach gives a broader view of all environmental aspects and ensures any action has an overall benefit compared to other options. The actions to deal with waste along the hierarchy should be compatible with other environmental initiatives. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Waste hierarchy」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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